What is FMEA, and how do DFMEA and PFMEA differ?
FMEA, failure mode and effects analysis, is a team method for finding how a product or process can fail, how bad the effect would be, and what prevents or detects it. A DFMEA looks at the design of the part. A PFMEA looks at each step of the process that makes it.
In most plants the FMEA is a spreadsheet written for the PPAP and never opened again. Ratings drift from one engineer to the next, a severity 9 cause sits with no action, and when the process changes nobody updates the PFMEA or the control plan that should come from it.